The invention relates to a quenching type absorption tower which comprises a steel shell and a graphite lining. The quenching type absorption tower is characterized by comprising a gas inlet pipe, a spraying layer, an absorption layer, a cooling layer and a discharge layer, and the spraying layer, the absorption layer, the cooling layer and the discharge layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the aim of rapidly cooling high-temperature smoke is achieved by conducting pre-cooling and rapid cooling on high-temperature smoke in the absorption tower through a pre-cooling system and the cooling layer; a dual-layer distribution mode is adopted for liquid distributors a so that liquid can be slowly distributed on a first distribution layer, and if a large amount of liquid needs to be distributed, liquid can overflow through an overflow hole to a second distribution layer to be evenly distributed, so liquid can evenly flow out of the distributor after passing through the distributor, smoke and sprayed liquid can conveniently make full contact, and substances in smoke can be better absorbed.