The invention provides a steel rail insulation protector which comprises a steel rail. An insulation sleeve is arranged on the upper portion of the steel rail, a transverse thickening section and a bent thickening section are arranged at the tail end of the insulation sleeve, a hook is arranged at the tail end of the bent thickening section, the thickness of the insulation sleeve ranges from 0.3 mm to 15 mm, and the insulation sleeve is made of silica gel. According to the steel rail insulation protector, the risk of railway short-circuit accidents is greatly reduced, the construction work efficiency of railway key points is improved, the steel rail is protected, and economic benefits are increased; the protector is an innovation in safety protection during railway construction and maintenance work, and therefore high application and popularization value is achieved.