The invention discloses a hollow slab hinge joint shear connection structure and a construction process. The hollow slab hinge joint shear connection structure comprises hollow slabs which are spliced longitudinally and mutually in the same plane. A hinge joint is formed between the hollow slabs. Concrete is poured into the hinge joint. An integration layer is arranged on the hollow slabs and is formed by pouring concrete. Hinge joint shear connecting parts are further arranged in the hinge joint. Each hinge joint shear connecting part comprises steel wallboards oppositely arranged on the sidewalls of the hollow slabs on the two sides of the hinge joint; the steel wallboards are connected with shear studs and PBL shear keys, the shear studs are located on the sides, connected with the hollow slabs, of the steel wallboards, and the PBL shear keys are located on the hinge joint sides; and the corresponding PBL shear keys on the two sides of the hinge joint are connected through penetrating steel bars, so that the hollow slabs are mutually spliced. The shear studs and the PBL shear keys are adopted in a combined mode for forming the rigid and flexible combining hinge joint shear connecting parts, advantages of the shear studs and advantages of the PBL shear keys can be fully played, fatigue resistance is good under the condition that a dynamic load is borne, and the durability and using performance of connection of the hinge joint between the hollow slabs are improved.