The invention provides a double clamping piece type plate anchor structure system and an assembly method thereof. The system comprises an anchor cylinder, wherein inner conical holes which extend along the center line of the anchor cylinder are formed in the middle part of the anchor cylinder; along the direction of the center line of the anchor cylinder, the apertures R of the inner conical holes are the same, and the hole heights H decrease progressively; a wedge-shaped double clamping piece type structure with the shape matched with that of each inner conical hole is arranged in each inner conical hole; center holes which extend along the center lines of the corresponding wedge-shaped double clamping piece type structures are formed in the middle parts of the corresponding wedge-shaped double clamping piece type structures; a plate is clamped in each center hole; protective cushions with the same widths as the upper and lower surfaces are arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of each plate respectively; one end of the anchor cylinder is anastomosed and connected with an anchor plate with through holes formed in the middle part; the other end of the anchor cylinder is provided with an inserted connection mechanism; a post anti-corrosive cap is connected with the anchor cylinder through the inserted connection mechanism; and each axial tension plate penetrates through the corresponding through hole and the corresponding inner conical hole and finally penetrates through and is fixed into the corresponding center hole. The invention aims at providing the double clamping piece type plate anchor structure system which is safe, reliable, economic and practical, is convenient to assemble and is suitable for a high-performance fiber reinforced composite plate and the assembly method of the double clamping piece type plate anchor structure system.