The invention discloses a rapid energy-saving perforating and installing multi-purpose device for a building. The rapid energy-saving perforating and installing multi-purpose device comprises a perforating fixing device, a telescoping device and a dust collecting device; the perforating fixing device comprises an installing seat, a perforating motor and a connecting rod, and the telescoping device comprises a telescoping rotating support frame, a lifting mechanism and a hydraulic device; the installing seat is arranged on the perforating motor and connected with an output shaft of the perforating motor, the perforating motor is connected with the telescoping rotating support frame through the connecting rod, the lifting mechanism is fixed on the telescoping rotating support frame, and the hydraulic device is arranged at the lower end of the telescoping rotating support frame and connected with the telescoping rotating support frame in an abutted and pressed mode; the dust collecting device comprises a dust receiving tray, a dust collecting motor, a conveying pipe and a dust collecting box, the dust receiving tray is movably connected with the installing seat, and the dust collecting motor is fixed on the portion, close to the installing seat, of the telescoping rotating support frame. The rapid energy-saving perforating and installing multi-purpose device for the building achieves perforating and installing integrated operation, has more functions and is convenient to operate, clean, sanitary and high in efficiency.