The invention provides a corrosion-resistant alcohol-based fuel oil pump and a corrosion protection method. An additional power source (6) and a carbon rod (7) are connected between the alcohol-based fuel oil pump (2) and an oil conveying pipe (1) in an existing fuel system. The alcohol-based fuel oil pump (2), the additional power source (6), the carbon rod (7) and alcohol-based fuel in the oil conveying pipe (1) form a loop. By adjusting the magnitude of the voltage of the additional power source (6), the alcohol-based fuel oil pump (2) can be prevented from corrosion; and the situations that performance of the alcohol-based fuel oil pump (2) is deteriorated, the service life of the alcohol-based fuel oil pump (2) is shortened, and quality of the alcohol-based fuel is degraded are avoided. On the basis of the corrosion-resistant alcohol-based fuel oil pump (2), the resistance value of the loop formed by the alcohol-based fuel, the alcohol-based fuel oil pump (2), the additional power source (6) and the carbon rod (7) and the primary battery voltage serve as the data basis; the magnitude of the additional voltage is adjusted; and the purpose that the alcohol-based fuel oil pump (2) is resistant to corrosion is achieved.