The invention provides a lifting device for shelves as well as a shelf component and a refrigerator. The lifting device for the shelves comprises first rod bodies, second rod bodies, third rod bodies and sliding locking members, wherein the first rod bodies and the second rod bodies are rotabablely connected; the first rod bodies are provided with first transfer parts; the second rod bodies are provided with second transfer parts; at least one of the first transfer parts and the second transfer parts is used for being rotatablely connected with the shelves; the third rod bodies are rotatablely connected with the first rod bodies; the third rod bodies are provided with the sliding locking members which can rotate relative to the third rod bodies; the sliding locking members are arranged on the second rod bodies in a cooperation manner; and further, the sliding locking members can slide along the second rod bodies or be tightly locked with the second rod bodies. The lifting device for the shelves, which is provided by the invention, can be unfolded to support the shelves or folded to be convenient to store; moreover, the heights of the positions of the shelves can be regulated through regulating the sliding locking members; and the lifting device is simple in composition structure, and has the advantage that a spatial volume is small in both unfolding and folding states.