The invention provides a splitting and compression combined testing system and method. The system comprises a universal testing machine, a computer, a splitting testing mold and a compression testing mold, wherein the compression testing mold comprises an upper mold block and a lower mold block, an upper rock pressing part is fixed at the lower end of the upper mold block, a lower rock pressing part is fixed at the upper end of the lower mold block, transverse displacement sensors and longitudinal displacement sensors are circumferentially distributed on the upper edge of the lower rock pressing part, the transverse displacement sensors are fixed on the lower rock pressing part by the aid of supporting seats, and the sensors are connected with the computer. The system and the method are used for solving problems that many laboratory instruments exist and are inconvenient to manage as well as the initial investment and later running and maintenance costs are increased due to the fact that existing rock mass strength and deformation modulus researching devices have relatively large sizes and adopt integrated structures generally, components of the devices cannot be maintained and replaced easily, the devices are inconvenient to move and transport, measured variables are relatively single and the devices cannot measure multiple variables. The invention belongs to the field of research on solid materials.