The invention discloses a titanium-based titanium dioxide nanotube composite anode. The titanium-based titanium dioxide nanotube composite anode comprises a titanium substrate layer, a titanium dioxide nanotube array intermediate layer and an active surface layer. Metal manganese is deposited in the titanium dioxide nanotube array intermediate layer. A preparation method of the titanium-based titanium dioxide nanotube composite anode includes the steps that a titanium substrate is preprocessed; a titanium dioxide nanotube array is made to grow on the surface of the titanium substrate in situ, and then the metal manganese is made to deposit in the titanium dioxide nanotube array; and finally, a saline solution for preparing the active surface layer is sprayed on the surface of the titanium dioxide nanotube array where the metal manganese is deposited, calcination is conducted, and then the titanium-based titanium dioxide nanotube composite anode is obtained. In the titanium-based titanium dioxide nanotube composite anode, the nanometer titanium dioxide layer is synchronously generated in situ and is quite tightly connected with a titanium substrate piece, no cracks appear, and passivation caused by the fact that oxygen in the solution directly erodes the titanium substrate can be effectively restrained.