The invention relates to a hinge joint reinforcing-steel-bar connecting piece structure for a concrete beam bridge and an arrangement method. The hinge joint reinforcing-steel-bar connecting piece structure comprises triangular connecting piece structures and U-shaped connecting piece structures. The triangular connecting piece structures are arranged on the opposite faces of two joint-pouring-hinged concrete beams respectively, staggered and arranged in the circulating mode of a forward triangle, an inverted triangle, a forward triangle, an inverted triangle and the like in the length direction of the concrete beams. The U-shaped connecting piece structures are arranged between the triangular connecting piece structures at intervals, the upper ends of the U-shaped connecting piece structures are horizontally overlapped on upper face plates of the two concrete beams, and the lower ends of the U-shaped connecting piece structures extend into a hinge joint between the two concrete beams. According to the hinge joint reinforcing-steel-bar connecting piece structure and the arrangement method, the triangular connecting piece structures are combined with the U-shaped connecting piece structures, and shear bearing capacity and tensile resistance are overall improved.