The invention discloses an anti-counterfeiting structure capable of changing colors by the aid of chemical reaction, and belongs to the field of anti-counterfeiting technologies. According to the technical scheme, the anti-counterfeiting structure has the advantages that the anti-counterfeiting structure comprises reaction medium sub-compositions B, liquid water is fixed into gel, accordingly, the anti-counterfeiting label structure is free of flowable aqueous solution media by the aid of chemical reaction color change principles when the temperatures are lower than a melting point of the reaction medium sub-compositions B, chemical reaction can be carried out on melt of the reaction medium sub-compositions B and chemical reaction color change substances A in identification coatings when the anti-counterfeiting structure is heated and the temperature of the anti-counterfeiting structure reaches the melting point of the reaction medium sub-compositions B or is higher than the melting point of the reaction medium sub-compositions B, characters, numerical codes or patterns of the identification coatings coated on coating substrates can be displayed, or the colors can be changed; procedures for displaying the characters, the numerical codes or the patterns in the identification coatings or changing the colors owing to the chemical reaction are irreversible, and accordingly anti-counterfeiting labels can be prevented from being reused.