The invention provides a vehicle license plate recognition-based multi-lane vehicle distance recognition method and a vehicle license plate recognition-based multi-lane vehicle distance recognition device and belongs to the intelligence assisted driving/vehicle-mounted information detecting field. According to the vehicle license plate recognition-based multi-lane vehicle distance recognition method and the vehicle license plate recognition-based multi-lane vehicle distance recognition device, a binocular camera is adopted to acquire the image information of a plurality of lanes ahead in real time; according to a characteristic that the RGB information of pixels on a vertical splicing line of a left image and a right image is consistent, and with the preset coordinate point of the installed device is used in a default manner, a multi-lane panoramic image is obtained. In an image recognition process, a plurality of classic digital image processing algorithms dominated by HOUGH transform are used to calibrate lane lines and license plates; and based on the positions of different license plates and the sizes of pixels in the panoramic image, and according to a similarity principle and a digital imaging principle, multi-lane horizontal and vertical vehicle distances are automatically calculated, and calculation results are displayed on a screen according to the settings of a user. The method and device can be applied to intelligent traffic fields such assisted safety lane changing, active collision avoidance and ACC adaptive cruise.