The invention discloses a handheld eye anterior and posterior segment 3D observation photographing platform which comprises a control handle. The front portion of the upper end of the control handle is provided with a projection light source structure capable of sliding left and right. The rear portion of the upper end of the control handle is connected with a support. The upper end of the support is provided with an observation imaging barrel. The observation imaging barrel is provided with an eyepiece monocular direct observation system and a built-in 3D observation imaging system. The front end of the observation imaging barrel is provided with a zoom large objective lens. The top end of the observation imaging barrel is provided with a transverse frame extending towards the front end of the observation imaging barrel. One end of the transverse frame is provided with an aspheric surface lens assembly with an independent flash system, and the aspheric surface lens assembly is used for observing the eye ground and taking photos. A zoom optical system shifting rod is arranged at the lower side end of the observation imaging barrel. The large objective lens, the shifting rod type zoom optical system and the externally-connected aspheric surface eye ground observation lens system are reasonably combined for replacing traditional slit-lamp examination and ophthalmoscope optical examination, and therefore the requirement for eye anterior and posterior segment examination can be met.