The invention discloses an oil absorption material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of oil absorption materials. Raw materials for preparing the oil absorption material comprises wood or agricultural waste fiber and an acetylization modified lignin solution. The mass ratio of the wood or the agricultural waste fiber to the acetylization modified lignin solution is 1:(5-10). The preparation method comprises the following steps:mixing the wood or the agricultural waste fiber and the acetylization modified lignin solution in the mass ratio of 1:(5-10), so as to prepare an oil absorption material with hygroscopic water; performing solid-liquid separation on the oil absorption material with hygroscopic water, thereby obtaining a solid, that is, the oil absorption material. A preparation device comprises a first container, a second container, a hot-grinding machine, a solid-liquid separation device and a stirring device. The oil absorption material can be used for treating overflowing oil. Agriculture and forestry biomass wastes can be reasonably used.