The invention provides a novel chain wheel synchronization structure for a tightening rolling machine. The novel chain wheel synchronization structure comprises a chain wheel support, a roller chain, a clamping roll assembly and two chain clamping plates, wherein the left and right ends of the chain wheel support are rotatably connected with chain wheels through pin shafts; the roller chain is wound around the two chain wheels and meshed with the chain wheels; the clamping roll assembly comprises clamping roll frames and clamping rolls arranged on the clamping roll frames; the clamping roll frames are arranged in a bilaterally symmetrical manner; the two chain clamping plates are fixed on the clamping roll frames on the corresponding two sides; clamping teeth are arranged on the chain clamping plates; each clamping tooth can be inserted between two corresponding rollers of the roller chain; and the two chain clamping plates are respectively inserted into the roller chain above and below the chain wheels. The novel chain wheel synchronization structure provided by the invention has the advantages that the type of connection between the clamping roll frames and the roller chain is improved; the failure possibility of locking bolts is lowered; and the reliability of a chain wheel synchronization mechanism is guaranteed.