The invention discloses a method and a system for refining cyclohexanone and recycling cyclohexanol. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: sending an alcohol ketone mixture into a light-component removal tower for removing light components, sending the material discharged from the tower bottom into a cyclohexanone product tower, acquiring a high-purity cyclohexanone product from the tower top and a crude product mainly comprising cyclohexanol from the tower bottom, then sending the crude product into a cyclohexanol recovery tower, and acquiring cyclohexanol from the tower top; mixing the acquired cyclohexanol with proper amount of water, heating and sending into a cyclohexanol dehydrogenation reactor for dehydrogenation, so as to obtain a mixed product containing cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone and water, performing two-stage cooling on the dehydrogenated product, then performing gas-liquid separation, sending the gas phase and the liquid phase into a dewatering tower for dewatering processing, sending oil-containing wastewater removed at the tower top to a cyclohexane extraction tower, sending an obtained upper-layer oil phase to an alcohol-ketone recovery tower, and sending an oil phase containing cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol and obtained at the bottom of alcohol-ketone recovery tower to a dewatering tower for cycling. The invention comprises the advantages that the product cyclohexanone is high in purity, cyclohexnoal is efficiently converted into cyclohexanone at a high yield, and the system is high in energy integration degree and low in energy consumption.