The invention relates to a layered exploitation production string controlled in a bidirectional wireless identification mode and a regulation device, and balanced layered exploitation in an oil well can be realized. The production string comprises a releasing tool, a packer and a centralizer which are connected in series through oil pipes. The production string is released under the well through the releasing tool, and underground intelligent balance production control valves are connected below the packer and the centralizer through an oil pipe string. The regulation device used in cooperation with the production string comprises an adapter, a wireless identification electromagnetic induction charger and a wireless radio frequency identification docking adapter, a cable is sequentially connected with the adapter, the wireless identification electromagnetic induction charger and the wireless radio frequency identification docking adapter, and the regulation device is in butt joint with the underground intelligent balance production control valves in the mode that the cable moves into the layered exploitation production string. The bidirectional wireless radio frequency identification technology is adopted between the layered exploitation production string and the regulation device, and real-time monitoring, intelligent regulation and manual regulation of oil well production parameters can be completed.