The invention discloses a method for quick checking of a diaphragm gas meter based on an auto-correlation algorithm. The method concrete comprises the steps that differential pressure signals are sampled in a uniformly-spaced mode within a period of time and auto-correlation analysis is performed on obtained signal values, so that a rotation periodic value of a checked diaphragm meter can be obtained so as to calculate a rotation volume; during small flow point checking, a rotation volume value of the checked diaphragm meter obtained during large or medium flow point checking serves as a standard throughput for checking, the checking is stopped after 2-3 rotation volume gases pass, and an indication error is obtained through a standard table value and a calculated throughput of the checked diaphragm meter. According to the method, the checking time is greatly shortened while measurement accuracy is guaranteed, and the checking efficiency of the diaphragm gas meter is improved.