The invention discloses a silk making device state data acquisition system and a silk making device state data acquisition method based on polling communication detection. The silk making device state data acquisition system comprises a data acquisition controller and controllers disposed on various sites of a production scene. The data acquisition controller adopts a one-sided communication way for communication with the controller of every site of the scene. The silk making device state data acquisition system and the silk making device state data acquisition method are advantageous in that by triggering the communication with the sites of the scene sequentially, and by determining communication return values, a communication function is triggered or initialized again, and then the next communication is trigger, and therefore the efficiency of the communication is effectively improved, and the high-efficiency acquisition of the operation state data of the silk making device is guaranteed.