The invention relates to the field of intelligent distribution type feeder line automation and particularly relates to a feeder line topology piece multi-way tree establishment method based on a switch adjacency relation. A switch/switch set covered by each power distribution terminal is defined as a basic unit and named as a topology piece, topology piece information is configured into each power distribution terminal in a disperse mode and implies topology node information, topology nodes comprise a power source node, a circuit node, a bus node and a load node, switches serve as edges of multi-way trees, and a power source, a circuit, a bus and the load serve as the nodes. The method includes the specific steps that 1, a corresponding multi-way tree is generated according to the topology piece information of each topology piece; 2, the multiple topology piece multi-way trees are spliced into a whole topology multi-way tree, and in the generation process, the topology node information implied in the topology piece information is highlighted. The method has the advantages of being high in maintenance efficiency, high in gathering speed and small in related range, and a foundation is laid for rapid and dynamic generation of topology information of an intelligent distribution type feeder line automation system.