The invention relates to an optimal scheduling method of a power-gas coupling multiple energy flow system, belonging to the operation and control technical field of an electric power system including a plurality of energy forms. The method considers the mutual influence of a power-gas system, and realizes the optimal scheduling of a power-gas coupling multiple energy flow system. Compared with a method of performing independent optimal scheduling on a power supply system and a gas supply system, the optimal scheduling method of the invention can obtain a better scheduling scheme (smaller total operation cost or network loss, etc.), and meanwhile improve scheduling flexibility. The optimal scheduling method can be applied to the scheduling plan manufacturing of a power-gas coupling multiple energy flow system, facilitate the energy consumption efficiency of a power-gas coupling multiple energy flow system, and reduce operation costs.