The invention provides an optical field imaging equipment axial resolution determination apparatus and method. In the optical axis direction of optical field imaging equipment, more than two marking target plates are arranged in a mutual shielding rate lower than 50% so as to ensure that the marking target plates are in the view distance of the optical field imaging equipment; meanwhile, the optical field imaging equipment obtains virtual images of the marking target plates after amplification of convex lens modules. The optical field imaging equipment axial resolution determination apparatus is suitable for optical field imaging equipment with a larger axial imaging range, has a theoretical measurement range of an optical field imaging equipment axial resolution from zero to infinity, and possesses the advantages of small size and compact structure; the optical field imaging equipment axial resolution determination apparatus is in favor of analysis and comparison of performances of different optical field imaging systems, and facilitates integration in other specific optical field imaging application systems.