The invention provides a distribution transformer on-load voltage regulation system based on anti-parallel thyristors, which includes a distribution transformer and a measurement and control device. The measurement and control device is connected with the distribution transformer. The anti-parallel thyristor groups are connected between 95% U[N] taps, 100% U[N] taps, and 105% U[N] taps which are guided from A phase and B phase, as well as from B phase and C phase at a high voltage side of the distribution transformer and are used as tapping-off switches. The measurement and control device includes a voltage transformer and a controller. The measurement and control device controls the on-off of the anti-parallel thyristors by detecting voltages at a low voltage side of the transformer, thereby achieving automatic voltage regulation of the distribution transformer. The distribution transformer on-load voltage regulation system based on the anti-parallel thyristors uses the anti-parallel thyristor groups as the tapping-off switches, bears the high voltage and a large current, and improves the reliability of the transformer. The tapping-off switches are connected between the taps guided from the A phase and the B phase, and from the B phase and the C phase of the transformer, the number of the tapping-off switches are saved, and the cost is greatly reduced.