Embodiments of the present invention provide a carrier aggregation technology-based communication method and apparatus. The method includes the steps that when each detection period arrives, a base station uses a spectrum sensing technology to measure noise power ratios of uplink signals of all authorized frequencies in a cell; according to the detected noise power ratios, non-blocking frequencies are determined; and the base station sends, based on the non-blocking frequencies, signals through the carrier aggregation technology. Through adoption of the method and apparatus, the use ratio of spectrum resources of a wireless communication system in the industry is improved, interference is prevented and the communication quality is ensured, and the system reliability is improved.