The invention discloses a chain bucket mounting method of a chain bucket elevator. The chain bucket mounting method comprises the following steps that firstly, main components such as a handpiece, a machine base, a middle box, loop chains, upper driving head tail pulleys and lower driving head tail pulleys of the chain bucket elevator are mounted; secondly, a plurality of chain buckets are evenly mounted to the two loop chains at intervals and then the two loop chains are connected into a whole for debugging; thirdly, the rest of the chain buckets are hoisted to the position of an inspection door of the middle box in a concentrated mode; fourthly, a retaining device is mounted; fifthly, the loop chains are rotated circularly, and the numbers of the chain buckets on the two sides of the loop chains are made to be basically identical; sixthly, the loop chains continue to be rotated, one chain bucket on the left side of the loop chains moves to the right side of the loop chains, the weight of the left portions of the loop chains is smaller compared with the weight of the right portions of the loop chains at the moment, the loop chains are locked through the retaining device, and one chain bucket is mounted on the left portion of each loop chain; and seventhly, the retaining device is taken out, and the sixth step is repeated. The chain bucket mounting method has the main beneficial effects that the loop chains drive the chain buckets to rotate circularly, the numbers of the chain buckets on the two sides of the loop chains are kept relatively identical, and therefore the chain buckets are circularly mounted in the relatively stable environment in a concentrated mode.