The invention relates to a smelting process taking a refractory fine powder for replacing a solvent for high-copper and high-silicon raw lead ores. The smelting process comprises the following steps: (1) proportioning and granulating: mixing and granulating, in percentage by mass, 20-45% of raw lead ores, 30-50% of fine lead powder and 25-30% of fine gold powder; (2) sintering by a blast furnace: adding the proportioned mixture in the blast furnace, and sintering to prepare a sinter; (3) smelting crude lead: adding coke, return slag and the sinter in the blast furnace, and smelting to realize separation for the crude lead, copper matte and furnace slag; and (4) carrying out electrolytic refining on the crude lead. According to the smelting process disclosed by the invention, the refractory fine powder is taken as the solvent for slag addition of lead smelting to participate in proportioning, on one hand, silica has no need to be out-purchased, thus the expense of the solvent is saved, and the production capacity of lead can be improved; on the other hand, precious metals are enriched in the crude lead through pyrometallurgy, anode mud is treated to enable the direct recovery rate of gold to achieve 99% and enable the direct recovery rate of silver to achieve 90% after the electrolytic refining, and smelting for the high-copper and high-silicon raw lead ores can be carried out to increase the copper matte.