The invention discloses a permafrost region thermal pipe subgrade parameter designing method based on the energy balance theory. The method comprises the steps that firstly, a judging threshold value of the heat dissipation amount of thermal pipes is set; secondly, soil melting latent heat is worked out, specifically, the soil melting latent heat of a constructed permafrost region subgrade is worked out; thirdly, the heat dissipation parameter range of the thermal pipes is determined, specifically, the heat dissipation parameter range of the thermal pipes is determined according to combination of the set judging threshold value of the heat dissipation amount of the thermal pipes with the soil melting latent heat; and fourthly, the thermal pipe structural parameter and the arrangement interval are determined, specifically, the thermal pipes are selected according to the determined thermal pipe heat dissipation parameter range, and by combining the structural parameter of the selected thermal pipes, the thermal pipe arrangement interval in the constructed permafrost region subgrade is determined. The method is simple in step, reasonable in design, convenient to implement and good in application effect, and according to the predetermined soil melting latent heat, the thermal pipe structural parameter and the arrangement interval of the permafrost region thermal pipe subgrade are determined based on the energy balance theory.