The invention discloses an anchoring method and structure of a rocky slope. According to the anchoring method and structure of the rocky slope, a series of construction adits extending to the inside of the rocky slope are holed in the rocky slope, and then an anchor cave extending in the length direction of the rocky slope is excavated at the bottom end of each construction adit towards the two sides; a series of anchor holes are holed between each anchor cave and the soft stratum on the outer surface of the rocky slope, opposite penetration anchor cables are installed in the anchor holes, and anchor ends are arranged at the two ends of each opposite penetration anchor cable; and the tension of each opposite penetration anchor cable is enhanced through the anchor ends at the two ends of the opposite penetration anchor cable. According to the anchoring method and structure of the rocky slope, an anchor end can be arranged at the end, located in the corresponding anchor cave, of each anchor cable, and the tension of the anchor cables can be enhanced through the anchor ends. The anchoring method and structure of the rocky slope have the advantages that maintenance is convenient, the assurance rate is high, the loss of prestress is small, and the anchor cables are short. The anchor caves and the construction adits can serve as drain holes at the same time, the underground water level of the slope is effectively lowered, and infiltrated rainwater can be rapidly drained out. The anchoring method and structure of the rocky slope are suitable for the rocky slopes handled with anchor cables.