The invention discloses a vertical and inclined shaft relay drainage system and method and is especially suitable for the field of emergency rescue drainage under the working condition that shallow water pockets exist in vertical shafts or inclined shafts or the vertical shafts or inclined shafts have no water pocket. The vertical and inclined shaft relay drainage system is composed of an oil charge type mixed flow submersible electric pump relay system, a large mining submersible electric pump drainage system and a drainage pipeline system. The large mining submersible electric pump drainage system and the oil charge type mixed flow submersible electric pump relay system are connected with a relay pump water absorption cover (1) through a main pump water absorption cover (7). A water outlet of the large mining submersible electric pump drainage system is connected with the drainage pipeline system through a flange (3). Mine water is drained to the ground through a drainage pipeline (9). According to the system, the lowest residual water level in a vertical shaft and an inclined shaft can be lowered to the reasonable position, rescue personnel can enter the vertical shaft and the inclined shaft conveniently, and guarantees are provided for smooth ore composite work of mines of the vertical shaft and the inclined shaft.