The invention discloses a simulated wheel grinding molding machine for manufacturing an asphalt mixture test piece and a manufacturing method of the test piece. The simulated wheel grinding molding machine comprises a wheel loading system and a test piece supporting device; the test piece supporting device comprises a molding platform, a testing mold and two hard rubber blocks; the testing mold is horizontally arranged on the upper surface of the molding platform; a cuboid-shaped testing mold cavity of the testing mold is composed of a bottom plate and two side molds; the wheel loading system comprises a loading device, a driving device, rubber tires, a tire bracket, a travelling rail and an inflation control valve; the loading device comprises a load frame and three aluminum-alloy concave wheels; the load frame is slidingly mounted in the travelling rail; the driving device is used for driving the load frame to slide in parallel on the travelling rail back and forth; the tire bracket is arranged above the testing mold; the tire bracket is provided with the three rubber tires which are in contact connection with the aluminum-alloy concave wheels in a one-to-one correspondence manner; and the three rubber tires are communicated with an inflation pump through an inflation pipeline respectively. The simulated wheel grinding molding machine is simple in structure, reasonable in design, and simple and convenient to mount, use and operate.