The invention discloses a sodium-sulfur battery electrolyte ceramic tube closed end protection structure. The sodium-sulfur battery electrolyte ceramic tube closed end protection structure comprises an electrolyte ceramic tube, wherein the electrolyte ceramic tube comprise a straight cylinder part and a circular arc-shaped closed end for closing the bottom of the straight cylinder part; the radial outer side of the electrolyte ceramic tube is connected with a flexible protective jacket in a sleeving manner; the flexible protective jacket comprises a jacket body coaxially connected to the radial outer side of the electrolyte ceramic tube in the sleeving manner and a jacket bottom for closing the bottom of the jacket body below the closed end of the electrolyte ceramic tube; and the inner circumference of the top of the jacket body is in contact with the outer circumference wall line of the straight cylinder part of the electrolyte ceramic tube. The sodium-sulfur battery electrolyte ceramic tube closed end protection structure has the beneficial effects that the closed end of the electrolyte ceramic tube is avoided from participating an electrochemical reaction, the stress generated by active substance curing of sodium-sulfur battery cooling for electrolyte ceramic is effectively relieved, and the service life of the electrolyte ceramic tube is prolonged. The invention also discloses a sodium-sulfur battery with the corresponding sodium-sulfur battery electrolyte ceramic tube closed end protection structure.