The embodiment of the invention discloses a fault processing method and device. When a BFD is applied to a BGP, under the condition that the BFD detects the linkage fault, an exchange device not immediately deleting an opposite device of the fault linkage from the self BGP neighbor, and not immediately deleting a BGP routing learned from the opposite device, and determining the current routing of the opposite device arriving the linkage; if the next hop device of the current routing is different from the next hop device of the primary routing, sending a detection message to the next hop device of the current routing so that the next hop device can forward the detection message to the opposite device according to the current routing; retaining the routing learned through the opposite device while receiving a detection reply message sent by the opposite device. The receiving of the detection replay message sent by the opposite device represents that the fault linkage has been replaced by other normal linkage, the routing between the exchange device and the opposite device is smooth. Therefore, the once network shock is avoided, and the stability of the network is improved.