The invention discloses an energy-saved and environment-friendly heat treatment process. The process comprises the steps of: (A) cleaning and drying; (B) carburization; (C) quenching; (D) cleaning and tempering; and (E) shot blasting and rust prevention. The process is simple, is environment-friendly and free of pollution in the whole process, can effectively improve the hardness, the strength and the wear resistance of alloy castings, and prolongs the service life of the alloy castings; meanwhile, the quenching step adopts a classified quenching oil cooling mode, so that the production cost is reduced, the energy is saved, and the environmental pollution is reduced; and the process adopts mechanical production, reduces the labor resource waste, and improves the working efficiency.