The invention discloses a modular residual heat boiler system having regulation functions and internally arranged in a smoke flue of a sintering machine, and belongs to the technical field of iron and steel smelting equipment. The modular residual heat boiler system comprises a big smoke flue, a small smoke flue, a steam pocket, a water supply system and heat exchanging modules, wherein the heat exchanging modules comprise evaporator modules, overheater modules and coal economizer modules; the big smoke flue and the small smoke flue are provided with multiple pipe joints respectively; each of the overheater modules, the evaporator modules and the coal economizer modules are arranged between every two pipe joins respectively; each evaporator-module water inlet pipeline is provided with an evaporator-module water inlet regulating valve respectively; and each evaporator-module gas outlet pipeline is provided with an evaporator-module gas outlet regulating valve respectively. By using the system, a residual heat resource, which is recovered at an existing field for the sintering machine, from the sintering machine is sufficiently utilized; the reasonable, effective and stepped utilization of an energy source is achieved; the equipment investment is saved; the floor area is small; generated overheated steam is used for power generation; and the modular residual heat boiler system has obvious economic benefit and social benefit.