The invention discloses a nozzle structure, a gas stove and a gas and air ratio adjusting method. The nozzle structure comprises a nozzle (11), a burner (1) and an air flap (4) positioned between the nozzle (11) and the burner (1), and further comprises a first adjusting device arranged on the air flap (4) for adjusting an intake quantity of the air flap (4), a gas detecting device arranged in the nozzle (11) for detecting a gas flow of an intake port of the nozzle (11), and a burning gas detecting device arranged in the burner (1) for detecting a flow of gas to be burnt. The nozzle structure, provided by the invention, improves the combustion quality and the combustion efficiency.