The invention provides a seismic frequency spectrum reconstruction method, and relates to the field of geophysical exploration. The method comprises the following steps: (1) obtaining a seismic signal x (t) and carrying out Fourier transformation on the seismic signal x (t) to obtain an amplitude spectrum X (f) of the seismic signal; (2) selecting a wavelet spectrum formula and picking up an original value of a peak frequency m of a wavelet spectrum; (3) calculating a peak amplitude a of the wavelet spectrum; (4) according to a maximum matching projection principle, carrying out local optimization on the peak amplitude a of the wavelet spectrum and the peak frequency m of the wavelet spectrum to obtain the locally-optimal peak amplitude of the wavelet spectrum and peak frequency of the wavelet spectrum; (5) substituting the peak amplitude a of the wavelet spectrum and the peak frequency m of the wavelet spectrum into the wavelet spectrum formula to obtain an amplitude spectrum of wavelets; and using the locally-optimal peak amplitude a of wavelet spectrum and peak frequency m of the wavelet spectrum to reconstruct a seismic spectrum X(f) to obtain a reconstructed seismic frequency spectrum and residuals.