The present invention relates to a lithium battery capable of quickly charging a motor-assisted bicycle full in one hour, which includes a lithium battery group, a lithium battery protection circuit board and an aluminum shell. The lithium battery protection circuit board includes a protection circuit and a high-low temperature protection circuit. Thermal conductive silicon films compacted by the aluminum shell at both sides of the lithium battery are respectively arranged at both sides of the lithium battery. The work temperature of the lithium battery is detected by the high-low temperature protection circuit, so that the charging is automatically stopped at a high temperature and the charging is recovered at a low temperature. The safe and shortcut quick charging is realized through cooperation of a high current protection circuit through which the switch of lithium battery conventional current charging and high current quick charging is realized. The lithium battery is simple in structure and convenient and safe in use, can effectively ensure the safety of the charging and the quick and high current charging.