The invention provides a current sensitive pulse rapid amplification system. The current sensitive pulse rapid amplification system comprises n grades of amplification circuits which are sequentially connected in series, and a discriminator circuit which is connected with an output end of the final grade of amplification circuit, wherein all the amplification circuits are current sensitive amplification circuits; the first grade of amplification circuit comprises an operational amplifier U0, an input resistor R0 and a feedback resistor R1; one input end of the U0 is grounded or is grounded through one input resistor and the other input end of the U0 is connected with a cable through the input resistor R0; the R1 is connected between an inverted-phase input end and an output end of the U0; and the R0 is matched with the resistance of the cable. A current sensitive pulse rapid amplification method is used for amplifying a signal output by the cable by adopting the current sensitive pulse rapid amplification system. A pulse measurement system comprises a detector, the current sensitive pulse rapid amplification system and a pulse counting device, which are connected in sequence. The signal amplified by a pulse signal output by the long cable is stable and stable measurement of the pulse signal by the pulse counting device is supported; and the current sensitive pulse rapid amplification system and method and the pulse measurement system can be used for a system needing the transmission of the long cable.