The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a combine harvester for obtaining seeds from seed-melons. The combine harvester for obtaining seeds from seed-melons comprises a machine frame (12), a crushing mechanism (33), a seed-flesh separating mechanism (31), a melon seed conveying mechanism (32) and a melon seed box (36), wherein a horizontal pushing mechanism is arranged on the machine frame (12), a pickup barrel (24) is arranged at the end part of the propelling direction of the horizontal pushing mechanism, a melon poking mechanism (27) and a feeding auger (23) are arranged in the pickup barrel (24), a seed-melon lifting mechanism is arranged at a discharge opening of the pickup barrel (24), and a feed hopper (35) is arranged between the discharge opening of the seed-melon lifting mechanism and the crushing mechanism (33); and a front supporting wheel (13) and a rear supporting wheel (16) are connected to a position of the machine frame (12) through a supporting frame (17), and an elevating oil cylinder (15) is arranged between the supporting frame (17) and the machine frame (12). Compared with the prior art, the combine harvester for obtaining seeds from seed-melons disclosed by the invention has the advantages of being simple in structure, high in working efficiency, simple and convenient to maintain and the like.