The invention discloses a recycling system and a recycling method for industrial waste carbide slag. The recycling system is characterized by comprising a primary sedimentation tank, a secondary sedimentation tank, a concentration tank, a slurry bin and a plate filter press which are connected sequentially through slurry pumps, wherein the plate filter press is connected to a mill-entering belt of a vertical mill for raw materials through large-inclination-angle scraper conveyers. According to the system, carbide slag slurry is subjected to sedimentation, concentration and filter pressing and then jointly ground, dried and calcined together with other raw materials for cement production, and cement clinker is obtained. The prepared cement is high in strength, exploitation of non-renewable limestone resources and CO2 emission are reduced, the cement production cost is reduced, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by industrial carbide slag is solved.