The invention relates to a preventive maintenance material for a drainage asphalt pavement, as well as a preparation method and application of the preventive maintenance material, and belongs to the technical field of maintenance for the drainage asphalt pavement. The preventive maintenance material for the drainage asphalt pavement mainly comprises asphalt, an anionic emulsifying agent, alcohol and water, and preferably further comprises SBS modified latex, SBR modified latex or aqueous macromolecular emulsion. The preventive maintenance material provided by the invention has favorable low-temperature flexibility and high temperature stability, has good cohesive force, and has good adhesivity to a stone material and a road surface. According to the preventive maintenance material for the drainage asphalt road surface disclosed by the invention, the dispersion and the granule drop of the drainage asphalt road surface can be effectively avoided, the dispersion resistance of the drainage asphalt mixture is improved, and the service life of the drainage asphalt pavement is prolonged.