The invention discloses a preparation method and an application of an additive for improving the extraction rate of a lignite wax, and belongs to the technical field of chemical engineering. The additive is prepared from lignite, medical stone, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, reactive polyamide resin and rhamnolipid through scientific matching. When the additive is proportionally mixed with an extraction material of the lignite wax to be pelleted and form spherical particles with the diameters of 0.5-1cm, and then the extraction is carried out with a conventional method, the extraction rate of the lignite wax is improved by 20%-30% under the same conditions, and the economic benefit is considerable. In addition, the source of the materials is wide, the operation is convenient, the industrialization is easy to implement, and the application prospect is wide.