A segmented clutch type dispersing device comprises a center shaft assembly, dispersing roller units, clutch cylinders, end spacer bushes, middle spacer bushes and a driving device, wherein the center shaft assembly is supported on end plates on two sides of a dispersing box body by bearings and comprises a shaft tube and multi-channel rotary joints; mounting seats are arranged in the shaft tube at equal intervals; each multi-channel rotary joint comprises a stator and a rotor which can rotate mutually relative to each other, air inlet ports and air outlet ports are formed in the stator and the rotor respectively, each air inlet port in the stator correspondingly communicates with one air outlet port in the rotor, the rotor of the multi-channel rotary joint is connected with the corresponding shaft tube, and the stator is fixed on the corresponding end plate of the dispersing box body; each dispersing roller unit comprises a cylindrical body, shifting blades and bearings, the shifting blades are groove-shaped blades made of slabs and arranged on the outer surface of the cylindrical body in a circumferential array manner, the bearings are embedded in two ends of the cylindrical body, and an engaging clamp board is arranged in the cylindrical body.