The invention relates to a 3D printing based assembly type special-shaped column framework structure and a construction method of the 3D printing based assembly type special-shaped column framework structure. The framework structure comprises multiple framework columns, multiple framework beams, and concrete connection structures, wherein the ends of the framework columns are provided with columnar structures which are longitudinally formed and formed by concrete; the framework columns are internally provided with longitudinally arranged columnar cavities; the framework beams are erected on the tops of the columnar structures; the ends of the framework beams and the tops of the framework columns form connection joints in a defining mode; the connection joints are arranged on the column cavities; the concrete connection structures are arranged in the columnar cavities and at the connection joints; the framework columns and the framework beams are spliced to form the framework structure in a defining mode; the concrete connection structures are connected with the framework beams and the framework columns. The 3D printing based assembly type special-shaped column framework structure has the advantages of lowering labor to the maximum degree, saving materials, being short in construction period and the like. No waste, no formwork and no scaffold are needed in the full construction process, and environmental protection is really achieved.