The invention discloses an ultrahigh-performance concrete cylindrical permanent formwork. The ultrahigh-performance concrete cylindrical permanent formwork comprises steel reinforcement cages and an ultrahigh-performance concrete layer; the steel reinforcement cages comprise a barrel-shaped outer-layer permanent formwork steel reinforcement cage, a barrel-shaped core concrete steel reinforcement cage and pulling steel bars, wherein the barrel-shaped core concrete steel reinforcement cage is concentrically arranged in the outer-layer permanent formwork steel reinforcement cage at a certain interval; the pulling steel bars are vertically and crossly fixedly connected with the barrel-shaped outer-layer permanent formwork steel reinforcement cage and the barrel-shaped core concrete steel reinforcement cage; an outer-layer permanent formwork stirrup and an outer-layer permanent formwork longitudinal steel bars are covered with the ultrahigh-performance concrete layer. The invention further provides a preparation method of the ultrahigh-performance concrete cylindrical permanent formwork. By adopting secondary molding, the bonding power of the permanent formwork and inner core concrete thereof can be sufficiently enhanced, so that the integrality of a permanent formwork cylinder is enhanced; meanwhile, the core concrete steel reinforcement cage is reserved in the permanent formwork and can be used as a main forced steel bar, so that the step of bundling the steel bars in a site construction process can be reduced and the construction speed is improved; the ultrahigh-performance concrete cylindrical permanent formwork is applicable to industrial production and has excellent durability.