The invention discloses a tube drawing device for construction of a water supply pipeline and a tube drawing construction method. The tube drawing device comprises a holding part and a driving mechanism. The holding part is of a clamp hoop structure and formed by connecting ends of two semicircular hoop straps through bolts. The driving mechanism comprises two hydraulic cylinders which are arranged on the same side of the clamp hoop structure in parallel. The cylinder rod ends of the two hydraulic cylinders are fixedly connected to the two-end connecting portions of the two semicircular hoop straps. The two hydraulic cylinders are each fixed to an oil cylinder bracket. A hanging stage capable of being matched with a tube large head flange is arranged on the inner side, close to the end where the corresponding hydraulic cylinder rod stretches out, of each oil cylinder bracket. Rope hanging parts are mounted at the two ends of each oil cylinder bracket correspondingly. The two hydraulic cylinders are connected with an external oil supply system through pipelines correspondingly. The tube drawing construction method comprises the steps that S1, the tube drawing device is mounted in place; and S2, the oil supply system is started, and tube drawing is achieved. The tube drawing device for construction of the water supply pipeline and the tube drawing construction method are not limited by a construction field, and the pipeline construction efficiency is improved.