The invention discloses a method for preparing a negative electrode material lithium titanate of a lithium battery through spray freeze drying. The method comprises the steps of weighing ingredients of a Ti compound, a Li compound and a metal oxide M at a stoichiometric ratio, dispersing the ingredients into distilled water, carrying out sanding, carrying out pelletizing through spray freeze drying by employing liquid nitrogen and liquid propane as refrigerants, and then burning to obtain an M-doped and modified lithium titanate material. The method is simple in process and high in controllability; the obtained material is excellent in high-rate capability and can be suitable for industrial production of the lithium titanate negative electrode material.