The invention discloses a breeding method and a breeding device for polyodon spathula fries. The method comprises the following steps of easier-stage feeding of the polyodon spathula fries, medium-stage feeding of the polyodon spathula fries and later-stage feeding of the polyodon spathula fries; in the step of the easier-stage feeding of the polyodon spathula fries, water fleas are fished by using a 80-mesh dense pulling net from 3 days before the polyodon spathula fries start to eat baits to 2 days after polyodon spathula fries start to eat the baits; in the step of the medium-stage feeding of the polyodon spathula fries, water fleas are fished by using a 60-mesh sparse pulling net from 3 days after the polyodon spathula fries start to eat the baits to 6 days after polyodon spathula fries open the mouths; in the step of later-stage feeding of the polyodon spathula fries, water fleas are fished by using a 40-mesh sparse pulling net from 7 days after the polyodon spathula fries start to eat the baits. The device comprises a breeding vat; a net pipe is arranged in the breeding vat, a fluorescent lamp fixing ring is arranged on the edge of the breeding vat, and fluorescent lamps are arranged on the fluorescent lamp fixing ring; a water inlet pipe penetrates through the fluorescent lamp fixing ring and enters the breeding vat; water outlets are formed in the front end of the water inlet pipe. The breeding method and the breeding device disclosed by the invention have the advantages that the water fleas with different sizes are fed according to the opening changes of the polyodon spathula fries, and the sizes of the baits are enabled to be matched with mouth slits of the openings of the polyodon spathula fries; meanwhile, the loss of biological baits in the breeding process of the polyodon spathula fries is effectively reduced, and the utilization rate of the water fleas is improved.