The invention discloses a method for rapid treatment of water bodies with cadmium and copper pollution by using algae waste residues. The method comprises the following five steps: selection of algae waste residues, treatment of algae waste residues, application of catalyzing enzymes, treatment of water bodies with cadmium and copper pollution, and recovery and utilization of heavy metal elements. The method concretely comprises the following steps: industrial waste residues of Laminaria brown algae, Pseudomonas and blue-green algae and Cladophora are selected; the algae waste residues are chopped by a mechanical mode, and are fixed in sponge bags, sepiolite or silica gel nets; carboxyl transferase, sulfate transferase and transaminase are applied; ion exchanges are carried out between function groups on the surface of algae necron and heavy metal ions in the effects of transferase for rapid adsorption of heavy metal ions; algae necron which completes adsorption and is fixed in a porous container is taken out from a water surface, and extraction and reutilization of heavy metal elements are carried out. The method has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, good effects, recovery and utilization of cadmium and copper elements without any extra pollution, and simple realization.