The invention discloses a door and window opening protection system and a construction method of a super high-rise building core tube. The door and window opening protection system comprises two main turning plates and first driving devices, wherein the two main turning plates are used for shielding door and window openings of a super high-rise building, and are oppositely arranged in a hanging frame system of an integral jacking platform for core tube construction, and are positioned on hanging frame walk boards arranged at the two sides of the door and window openings; the first end, far away from the door and window opening, on each main turning plate is hinged to the corresponding hanging frame walk plate; the first driving devices are connected onto the second end parts, near the door and window opening, on the main turning plates. During the door and window opening protection on the current construction floor, the two main turning plates are turned and flatly placed for shielding the door and window opening of the current construction floor. When the jacking of the integral jacking platform is needed, the two main turning plates are turned up and inwards folded, so that the two main turning plates can be lifted together with the integral jacking platform; after the lifting is completed, the two main turning plates are turned and flatly placed, the protection on the door and window opening of the lower side construction floor can be realized. Further, the convenient and fast protection on the door and window door opening can be realized; a good protection effect is achieved.